Author: Haasbroek A1, Willers C2, Glyn M3, du Plessis L4, Hamman J5.
absorption enhancing agents, macromolecular drugs (e.g., protein and peptide drugs), oral bioavailability, Absorption-enhancing agents of natural origins, green chemistry, enhance drug permeation across the intestinal epithelial barrier, a clear decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of Caco-2 cell monolayers exposed to A. vera gel, open tight junctions between the epithelial cells, evia the paracellular or transcellular pathways pithelial cell monolayers, harsh gastrointestinal environment where enzymatic and chemical activity, through the tight junctions and intercellular spaces cause extensive degradation, especially, of protein and peptide drugs , co-administration of absorption enhancers, adherence junctions, movement of the drug molecules across the intestinal epithelium, functional excipients, decreasing mucus viscosity, changing membrane fluidity, disrupting the structural integrity of the intestinal wall or modulating the tight junctions, derived from plants (capsaicin, piperine, quercetin, and Aloe vera), regulation of gastrointestinal function, enzyme inhibition, P-gp efflux inhibition, mucoadhesion, and tight junction modulation, acetylated mannan (acemannan or aloverose), across intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, excised intestinal tissues, TEER reduction, transport enhancement of the FD-4, accumulation of FD-4 between the epithelial cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces), and F-actin disruption
