Author Jambwa T, Viljoen A, Hamman JH.
Aloe gel , Aloe whole leaf , Controlled release , Powder flow , Matrix type tablet, Swelling , Mucoadhesiveness, Disadvantages of conventional immediate release tablets include fluctuations of drug plasma levels over successive administrations and forgotten doses may result in larger fluctuations that increase the chance of side effects, emergence of resistance and/or treatment failure , modified release drug delivery system is capable of delivering the drug to the target site at a rate that is required by the therapeutic needs of the patient for the specified period of treatment , controlled release drug delivery system is one that specifically controls the release of the drug in such a way that constant drug levels are maintained in the systemic blood circulation, which usually requires delivery of the maintenance dose at a rate governed by zero-order kinetics, matrix-type tablet is considered as one of the most preferred controlled release dosage forms because they can be manufactured by cost-effective methods such as direct compression on a tablet press and the risk of dose-dumping is low, Mini-monolithic matrices are an attractive alternative for pellets or beads to be loaded into a single hard gelatin capsule to produce a multiple-unit dosage form with several advantages over single-unit dosage forms, Polymers used in dosage form design are often classified as synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural polymers, polysaccharides obtained from plant materials are often extracted from either mucilage (also referred to as gel) or gum. Many succulent plants such as those from the genus Aloe store water in the form of mucilage or gel-containing tissue in their leaves to survive under arid conditions, aloe barbadensis miller Acetylated polymannan (also referred to as acemannan or aloverose) is considered the main functional component of Aloe Vera Gel gel, which is a polysaccharide consisting of a long chain of acetylated mannose monomers , Since polysaccharide rich aloe leaf materials showed potential as excipients for the production of controlled release monolithic dosage forms, aloe species alone and in combination with other polymers as matrix forming agent, powder flowpropierties aloe vera 200 : 1 powder , Carbopol and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as well as combinations of each of the aloe materials with CBPL and HPMC in three different ratios (i.e. 25:75, 50:50, 75:25). The bulk and tapped densities of the powders were determined to calculate Carrs index values as well as Hausner ratio values and the angle of repose values were measured to characterize the powders in terms of their flow properties, All bulk and tapped density tests were conducted using a mass of 33.3 g of each powder, which was poured into a 250 mL graduated glass measuring cylinder, Carrs index (or percentage compressibility) and Hausner ratio values, Angle of repose, Composition of the mini-matrix type tablets, model drugs for this investigation that were included in the mini-matrix type tablets were: a freely soluble drug, diltiazem [(2S,3S)-3-acetyloxy-5-[2-dimethyl-amino]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one hydrochloride] (particle size: 161 µm) and a poorly soluble drug, ibuprofen [2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-propionic acid] (particle size: 28 µm), powders and combinations of powders as described for the powder flow property measurements, formulations of the mini-matrix type tablets, which each included ibuprofen or diltiazem as a model drug compound. These formulations were prepared by mixing the ingredients for direct compression, however, the aloe materials with poor flow properties were dry granulated first and then compressed with 6 mm concave punches on a multi-station rotary press (Cadmach CM 03-16), his relatively small tablet diameter was chosen to produce matrix type tablets that can be loaded into size 0 hard gelatin capsules to produce mini-tablet-in-capsule systems , mini-tablet-in-capsule systems, compressibility into acceptable tablets, laminate or cap or stick to the punches, mini-matrix type tablets were characterized in terms of their physical properties, mucoadhesive properties, swelling behavior and dissolution kinetics, e weight variation test, Hardness and friability, Erkewa hardness tester, tablet was placed between two anvils, force is applied and the crushing strength, mini-matrix type tablets involved the measurement of the force required to detach a mini-tablet from the mucosal surface of excised pig intestine with a TA.XT plus texture analyser, swelling of the mini-matrix type tablets, dissolution study, Kinetic analysis of drug release data, bulk density, tapped density, Carrs index and Hausner ratio values, Angle of repose and flow rate, funnel, powders containing Aloe vera gel material alone as well as in combination with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose have excellent flow (i.e. having an angle of repose below 20), g Aloe Vera Gel gel and A. ferox gel alone and in combination with other polymers exhibited very good flow properties according to the flow rate values (lower flow rate values indicate faster flow through the funnel), powder flowability, physical properties of the mini-matrix type tablets, hardness, friability and mass variation, bulk and tapped densities, Mucoadhesive properties of the mini-matrix type tablets, mucosal Surface, intestinal tissue, Carbopol, which is a known mucoadhesive polymer, Aloe Vera Gel whole leaf was combined with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in a tablet formulation it increased the mucoadhesion of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, angle of repose and flow rate results indicated that Aloe Vera Gel gel powder has excellent powder flowability, Aloe vera extract also showed very good powder flow properties based on the angle of repose value, aloe powder flow results it was expected that out of all the aloe materials investigated Aloe Vera Gel gel extract would be good candidates for direct compression into tablet, Aloe Vera Gel gel and Aloe Vera Gel whole leaf extract could be directly compressed into mini-matrix type tablets when used alone as excipients, individual aloe materials that could be compressed into minimatrix type tablets showed relatively fast erosion and disintegration and therefore could be used to form immediate release tablets by means of direct compression,Aloe vera gel in combination with Carbopol showed swelling and the drug release approached zero order kinetics indicating that this aloe material is a good candidate for use as an excipient in matrix type tablets for modified drug release.
