Authors Manuel J Lis1*; Meritxell Martí2; Luisa Coderch2; Cristina Alonso2; Fabricio M Bezerra3; Ana P Immich4; José A Tornero1
textile substrates offer for more specialized functions as Biomedical devices, Cosmetics, Skin treatment, and which are the mechanisms involved in such new applications. Textiles are covering 80% of the human body and a big percentage of that is in close contact with skin. If the system of vehiculation of the active principles is, carefully, designed, the reservoir effect of the polymeric chains of fibers can play a very interesting role in the delivery of the active principle. Microencapsulation, lipidic aggregates and nanofibers, have shown very promising experimental results, Textile substrates, as active systems, Biofunctional textiles are the textiles with smart and new properties and added value, especially related to comfort or specific functions. Such textiles constitute the basis for the delivery system of cosmetic or pharmaceutical substances when the textile comes into contact with the skin. As most of the human body is covered with some sort of textile, the potential of biofunctional textiles is considerable. Textiles that have functional properties for the skin have been studied and patented in recent years. textile fabrics have been improved to assist skin function by ensuring homeostasis of the whole body. Practical functions of clothing include providing the human body with protection against the weather strong sunlight, extreme heat or cold, and rain or snow and against insects, noxious chemicals and contact with abrasive substances. Clothing offers protection against anything that might injure the naked human body. This is because textiles have always been considered as a second skin for human beings. technical bioactive or biofunctional textiles are currently being produced. Such fabrics can absorb substances from the skin or release therapeutic or cosmetic compounds to it. The textile industry together with medical knowledge has paved the way for enriching the use of textile fabrics because of their interaction with the skin. Percutaneous absorption is an interdisciplinary subject that is relevant to several widely divergent fields. Transdermal devices may be considered as one of the precursors of biofunctional textiles given that they deliver a compound with a therapeutic effect into the body. Bioactive textiles are new, innovative textile products that are pushing back the boundaries of textile applications. They can act as reservoir systems and are able to continually release controlled doses of active substances from the textile to the skin. Several active compounds have been applied onto textiles using different vehicles as micro or nanocapsules in order to improve the fixation on the fabric and the progressive and effective release of the active principle into the different skin layers (stratum corneum, epidermis or dermis). Transdermal drug release is a viable administration route for powerful, low-molecular-weight therapeutic agents that must be precise in its control of drug administration. The system should ensure the required doses and avoid the minimum toxic concentration. This strategy is especially recommended for many drugs that are difficult to take because they must be delivered slowly over a prolonged period to have a beneficial effect. For instance, the drug release modelling of biodegradable polymeric systems as encapsulation technologies in textiles has not yet progressed appreciably due to its high complexity. Transdermal administration also can take advantage of chemical and physical strategies that can improve skin permeability and allow for drug penetration. Specifically, transdermal drug delivery is a viable administration route for powerful, low-molecular-weight therapeutic agents that either can or cannot withstand the hostile environment of the gastrointestinal tract. Regardless of the necessity for physical-chemical enhancement, for the reliable and effective design of transdermal delivery systems, knowledge of the skins structure and its properties is fundamental. Empirical analysis of the permeation of drugs through the skin is based on approaches such as a neural network modelling to predict the permeability of skin. The release of an active agent in a non-erodible core-shell system can show different profiles of delivery, Encapsulation is one of the techniques used to apply substances to textiles. Biodegradable polymer micro- or nanoparticles are of great interest as drug delivery systems because of their ability to be reabsorbed by the body, Lípids as Vehicles for Skin Treatment, Liposomes are vesicles made up of lipids that can encapsulate different compounds for application onto textiles. Liposomes have been used as models for complex biological membranes in biophysical and medical research owing to their lipid bilayer structural. similarity. Moreover, they have been the subject of numerous studies given their importance as microencapsulation devices for drug delivery and their applications in cosmetics. In recent years, liposomes have been used in the textile industry as dyeing auxiliaries, mainly for wool dyeing or as a dispersing auxiliary for disperse dyes, These lipids are rich in cholesterol, free fatty acids, cholesterol sulphate and ceramides and they resemble those found in membranes of other keratinized tissues such as human hair or stratum corneum from skin, because of their capacity to form stable bilayer structures. Accordingly, IWL could be regarded as a new and natural form to encapsulate different active agents or as active agents for skin care. Textile application and absorption/desorption process, the application of liposomes or the mixed micelles onto the fabrics was performed by bath exhaustion and the foulard padding process, Liposomes and mixed micelles were also applied to textiles in triplicate with bath exhaustion, the interactions of the fields of polymer and materials science with the pharmaceutical industry have resulted in the development of what are known as drug delivery systems (DDSs), or controlled-release systems . Drug delivery systems can be classified according to the mechanism that controls the release of the drug , such as diffusion-controlled systems, chemically controlled systems, solvent-activated systems, modulated-release systems and bio erodible-release systems. One of the most promising biodegradable polymers for use in bio erodible-release systems is poly(lactic acid) (PLA), because of its mechanical and biological properties, Drug-Delivery Mechanisms, The capability of the polymeric membrane to deliver the drug was determined through triplicate measurements of the drug release kinetics into a fluid phase.
