Author: Julio Plaza-Diaz, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda, Mercedes Gil-Campos, and Angel Gil
probiotics therapeutic options, modification of the gut microbiota, competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, strengthening of the gut epithelial barrier and modulation of the immune system to convey an advantage to the host, probiotics communicate with the host by pattern recognition receptors, uncover novel probiotic functions, probiotic modes of action , gastrointestinal microbiota, secretion of antimicrobial substances, competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, strengthening of the gut epithelial barrier and modulation of the immune system, luminal contents , tight junction, competitive exclusion, selective metabolites