Author: Gjylije Hoti,Adrián Matencio , Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo,Claudio Cecone,Silvia Lucia Appleton,Yousef Khazaei Monfared , Fabrizio Caldera andFrancesco Trotta
Nutraceuticals are bioactive or chemical compounds acclaimed for their valuable biological activities and health-promoting effects. The global community is faced with many health concerns such as cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, Delivery Systems for Nutraceuticals, A nutraceutical has not always met the requirements to achieve the therapeutic purpose, therefore, the systems for their delivery must be designated to produce products that have consistent quality attributes. The biomaterials science is considered as the focus toward the development of materials, tailored to a specific application, that can elicit highly precise reactions with proteins and cells. The biomaterials synthesis, characterization, testing, optimization, and the biology of host-material interactions are highlighted during the most intense investigation. The biomaterial must accomplish various requirements such as toxicology, biocompatibility, functional tissue structure, and pathobiology, mechanical and performance requirements, healing, industrial involvement, regulation, poor bioavailability is the major challenge in designing oral dosage forms. First-pass metabolism, aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, drug permeability, presystemic metabolism, and susceptibility to efflux mechanisms, are various factors on which the oral bioavailability depends, nutraceuticals bioavailability is an important, and an urgent necessity, because of the growth of health challenges, and rapid population, ?-carotene, vitamin E, various polyphenols such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonoids, lignans, etc., are slowly absorbed, and therefore have a limited bioavailability,bioavailability is a property of the drug alone and its delivery systems. Low bioavailability of the drug on its therapeutic use can be considered safe for oral administration because it can be administered in excess without any adverse effects. To increase the bioavailability, the development of powerful drug delivery systems, for surviving the harsh acidic environments of the stomach and rising absorption through the intestinal wall, is considered, Bioaccessibility (B*), absorption (A*), and transformation (T*), are the three main stages that the studies on the nutraceutical bioavailability climax. Bioaccessibility, the first step is defined as the fraction of ingested nutraceutical that becomes accessible for absorption through the epithelial membrane of the intestine, whereas absorption, the second step, comprises biocomponent absorbed at the level of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) epithelial cells. Further, transformation, the third step, describes the chemical or biochemical
