Author: Mohammad Sadegh Amiri, Vahideh Mohammadzadeh , Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi , Mahmood Barani , Abbas Rahdar , and George Z. Kyzas
Gums are carbohydrate biomolecules that have the potential to bind water and form gels regularly linked with proteins and minerals in their construction. Gums have several forms, such as mucilage gums, seed gums, exudate gums, etc. Plant gums are one of the most important gums because of their bioavailability, main feature is high stabilization, viscosity, adhesive property, emulsi?cation action, and surface-active activity, many pharmaceutical formulations use them, plant-based gums and mucilages are the key ingredients due to their bioavailability, widespread accessibility, non-toxicity, and reasonable prices. These compete with many polymeric materials for use as different pharmaceuticals in todays time and have created a signi?cant achievement from being an excipient to innovative drug carriers. scientists and pharmacy industries around the world have been drawn to uncover the secret potential of plant-based gums and mucilages through a deeper understanding of their physicochemical characteristics and the development of safety pro?le information. This innovative unique class of drug products, useful in advanced drug delivery applications, gene therapy, and biosynthesis, has been developed by modi?cation of plant-based gums and mucilages, Extensive use of various excipients, such as binders, thickening agents, sweeteners, and glidants, which can change the physicochemical properties of the final formulation of the drug and adjust the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, has made significant progress in the field of drug delivery systems, Polymers are used as excipients for the progress of polymer-based drug delivery systems with the purpose of targeted drug delivery , synthetic polymers have high physical, chemical, and mechanical stability but can cause cytotoxicity and are bio-incompatible, synthetic polymers have disadvantages, such as: poor adaptation to the patients body, high cost, and can also cause acute and chronic side effects, for example: poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can cause skin and eye irritation the utilization of natural polymers has increased, the use of natural plant-derived polysaccharides as excipients has increased in the pharmaceutical industry and can solve formulation problems and reduce the side effects of synthetic polymers, natural polysaccharides are formed by their O-glycosidic linkages by binding monosaccharide residues together and are known as biopolymers, gums and mucilages are among these excipients. They are widely used in the medicine and cosmetic industries and can also be modified for use in a variety of drug delivery systems, these materials can be used in several pharmacological forms, for instance, control release systems, film-coating agents, nanoparticles, viscous liquid formulations such as ophthalmic solutions, suspensions, implants, etc. Gums and mucilages are composed of many compounds, including polysaccharides. The resins and tannins in the gums are responsible for providing and delivering retardant properties to the dosage form and transmitting release inhibitory properties.
